CITATIONS

According to the Modern Language Association (MLA) style handbook, the list of sources at the end of a research paper is referred to as WORKS CITED. The following are examples of the MLA format of citation for many of the types of sources most commonly used in 4th -8th grades.

• The WORKS CITED list appears at the end of your research paper, beginning with a new page, one inch from the top of the paper.
• Citations are arranged alphabetically by author"s name, or by title if there is no author.
• The first line begins at the left margin, and all additional lines of each citation are indented 5 spaces.
• Double space each entry, and double space between citations.

Keep in mind that no matter what the source is, the citation should offer the reader ability to locate the same source when searching independently.

Check the specific examples given below for proper format:

Print Sources: Books

To cite a book by a single author:

1. Author.
2. Title of the book.
3. Place of the publication:
4. Publisher,
5. Date of publication.

Example: Curtis, Christopher Paul. Bud, Not Buddy. Thorndike , ME : Thorndike Press, 1999.

To cite 2 or more books by the same author, list the books in alphabetical order by title:

Example 1: Curtis, Christopher Paul. Bud, Not Buddy. Thorndike , ME : Thorndike Press, 1999.

Example 2: ---. The Watsons Go to Birmingham ---1963. New York : Yearling/Bantam Doubleday Dell Books for Young Readers, 1997.

To cite a book by 2 or more authors: Only first author"s name is last name first. Follow the example.

1. Authors.
2. Title.
3. Place of publication:
4. Publisher,
5. Date of publication.

Example: Elwood, Ann and Carol Orsag Magidan. The Macmillan Book of Fascinating Facts: An Almanac for Kids. New York : Macmillan Publishing Co., 1989.

Print Sources: Reference Books

If the article is signed by a specific author, start with the author"s name:

1. Author.
2. "Title of the article."
3. Title of the reference book.
4. Place of publication: (include for a less familiar, subject-specific reference book)
5. Publisher, (for a less familiar, subject-specific reference book)
6. Date of edition. (Volume and page number not necessary if articles are arranged alphabetically)

Example: Mohanty, Jitendra M. "Indian Philosophy." The New Encyclopedia Britannica:Macropaedia. 15th ed. 1987.

If the article is not signed, start with the article title:

1. "Title of the article."
2. Title of the book.
3. Date of edition (Volume and page number not necessary if articles are arranged alphabetically).

Example: "Ginsberg, Ruth Bader." Who's Who in America . 52nd ed. 1998.

If the reference set is not arranged alphabetically, state the volume and page numbers:

Example: "The Mound Builders." Native American Tribes. Vol. 1. Detroit : UXL/Gale, 1999. 87-99.

For Subject-specific reference books include place of publication and publisher:

Example: Allen, Anita L. "Privacy in Health Care." Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Ed. Warren T. Reich. Rev. ed. 5 vols. New York : Macmillan-Simon, 1995.

Print Sources: Article in a Newspaper

Notice the order of the date: number month, year. Include the edition, if there is one, followed by a colon and then the page number. If the article is not printed on consecutive pages, write the first page number and a plus sign.

1. Author. (if available)
2. "Title of article."
3. Periodical title
4. Date,
5. Edition: page.

Example: Hall , Trish . "IQ Scores Are Up, and Psychologists Wonder Why." New York Times 24 Feb. 1998, late ed.:F1.

Print Sources: Article in a Magazine

Do not give the volume and issue, even if they are listed. Notice the order of the date: number, month, year.

1. Author. (if available)
2. "Title of Article."
3. Periodical Title
4. Date: page.

Example: Brody, Howard. "How Would a Physicist Design a Tennis Racket" Physics Today Mar. 1995: 26-31.

If the article is not printed on consecutive pages, write the first page number and a plus sign.

Example: Kinoshita, June. "The Mapping of the Mind." New York Times Magazine 18 Oct. 1992 : 44+.

Non-print Sources: Newspaper Article From Internet

URLs often change. Cite both the date of publication and the date you accessed the site.

1. Author.
2. "Title or Headline of the Article."
3. Name of Periodical
4. Date of publication.
5. Date of access
6. <URL>.

Example: Markoff, John. "The Voice on the Phone is not Human, but it's Helpful." New York Times on the Web 21 June 1998 . 25 June 1998 .

Non- print Sources: Online Database - Not Internet

1. Author. (if available)
2. "Title of Article."
3. Name of Database
4. Medium. (CD-ROM, diskette)
5. Version.
6. Name of the vendor. (if relevant)
7. Date.
8. If you cannot determine the medium of the source, for example, if you access the material through a local network and cannot tell where the work is stored, use the designation Electronic, and cite the name of the network or of its sponsoring organization and the date of access.

Example 1: Rivkin, Ellis. "Meir, Golda." World Book 1998 Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Version 2.00. IBM. 1998.

Example 2: "Bronte, Emily." DISCovering Authors. Vers. 1.0. 1992. Electronic. Yeshiva of North Jersey Library, 15 May 2002.

Non-Print Source: Website:

1. Author. (if known).
2. "Title of Article."
3. Title of Complete Work. (if relevant)
4. date of visit
5. <URL>.

Example 1: Boritt, Gabor S. "Civil War." World Book Online. 10 September 1999 .

Example 2: "Statistical Summary: America's Major Wars." The US Civil War Center . 14 August 1999 .